老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效对比

目的：探讨老年人桡骨远端C型骨折的手术治疗与非手术治疗的疗效差异，评价两种方法的优缺点。方法回顾性分析2009-12—2011-12收治的老年桡骨远端C型骨折68例，按照治疗方法分为A组(手术组)及B组(非手术组)，统计分析两组患者的临床资料。结果 A组33例， B组35例，平均随访21.5个月。两组患者的年龄、骨折类型均无差异(P＞0.05)；术后影像学指标A组优于B组，骨折愈合时间B组优于A组，治疗成本A组大于B组(P＜0.05)；Cooney评分早期A组优于B组，1年后两组无差异，两组的并发症无差异(P＞0.05)。结论老年人桡骨远端C型骨折手术治疗较非手术治疗可获得更好的复位及早期功能，但远期功能恢复无差异。     

Acute total hip arthroplasty for older patients with acetabular fractures: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveMultiple treatment options for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients exist. However, no large-scale studies have reported the outcomes of acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. We systematically evaluated all available evidence to characterize clinical outcomes, complications, and revisions of acute THA for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients.MethodsMeta-analysis of 21 studies of 430 acetabular fractures with mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 17−97 months). Two independent researchers searched and evaluated the databases of Ovid, Embase, and United States National Library of Medicine using a Boolean search string up to December 2019. Population demographics and complications, including presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), dislocation, infection, revision rate, neurological deficits, and venous thromboembolic event (VTE), were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWeighted mean Harris Hip Score was 83.3 points, and 20% of the patients had reported complications. The most common complication was HO, with a rate of 19.5%. Brooker grade III and IV HO rates were lower at 6.8%. Hip dislocation occurred at a rate of 6.1%, 4.1% of patients developed VTE, deep infection occurred in 3.8%, and neurological complications occurred in 1.9%. Although the revision rate was described in most studies, we were unable to perform a survival analysis because the time to each revision was described in only a few studies. The revision rate was 4.3%.ConclusionsAcute THA is a viable option for treatment of acetabular fracture and can result in acceptable clinical outcomes and survivorship rates in older patients but with an associated complication rate of approximately 20%. Considering the limited treatment options, THA might be a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients.     

AO钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折

目的 探讨复杂跟骨骨折治疗方法及AO钢板内固定价值.方法 应用AO钢板治疗累及距下关节的跟骨骨折24例,术中注意关节面复位和Bohler角的恢复.结果 24例病人经12～24个月随访,按照Fernandez评定标准:24例跟骨SandersⅡ-Ⅳ型骨折病人有18足评为优良.结论 距下关节面的复位和Bohler角的恢复,牢固的内固定和术后足够长时间的负重限制是成功的关键.     

关节镜辅助下钢板内固定治疗关节内跟骨骨折

[目的]探讨分析关节镜辅助下钢板内固定治疗关节内跟骨骨折的方法和疗效;[方法]对78位患者，86例累及关节面的跟骨骨折在关节镜辅助下行切开复位钢板内固定术，术后平均随访18个月（12～30个月），通过比较术前术后X线片和踝足功能的AOFAS评分对治疗效果作分析评价．[结果]86例关节内跟骨骨折术后X线示复位满意．与术前存在显著性差异（P〈0．01），AOFAS评分优良率91．86％．[结论]对于关节内跟骨骨折，采用关节镜辅助钢板内固定更加接近解剖复位，足部功能恢复满意且并发症少     

Vitamin D receptor genotype and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly women of Utah: an effect modified by parity

Introduction The associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) Bsm I and Fok I genotypes, parity, and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture were evaluated in a statewide population-based case-control study in Utah.Methods Women age 50–89 years with hip fracture (n=882) were ascertained via surveillance of 18 Utah hospitals from 1997 to 2001. Age-matched controls were randomly selected (n=897). Participants were interviewed in their homes, and blood samples were collected for genotyping.Results In logistic regression analyses that controlled for multiple confounders, Bsm I VDR genotype but not Fok I genotype was associated with risk of osteoporotic hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB genotype: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.95). In similar analyses, no overall association was observed between parity status and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture. However, the effect of VDR genotype was modified by parity status. Among nulliparous women (n=140), Bsm I genotype was not associated with risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.28, 2.4); among primiparous women (n=133), bb genotype was associated with increased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 3.30; 95% CI: 0.96, 11.29); among multiparous women (n=1,400), bb genotype was associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.84).Conclusion VDR Bsm I genotype was associated with risk of hip fracture in Utah women, and this effect was modified by parity status. Hormonal or lifestyle factors related to parity may underlie this interaction.     

后路半椎体切除矫治半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸畸形

[目的]评价后路半椎体切除术治疗半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果。[方法]2000年5月~2005年11月,采用后路半椎体切除及矫形固定融合术治疗14例完全分节半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸畸形患者。年龄2.5~14.4岁,平均7.4岁,半椎体均为侧后方半椎体,其中胸椎7例,腰椎7例。[结果]手术时间2~7 h,平均4.7h,术中出血量150~2 500 m l,平均560 m。l固定节段2~8个椎体,平均3.5。术后随访6~36个月。平均15.6个月。术后站立位脊柱正侧位X线片示冠状面Cobb's角由术前46.2°矫正到17.3°,平均矫正率62.6%,矢状面Cobb's角由术前48.3°矫正至术后16.2°,平均矫正率68.7%。终末随访时冠状面Cobb's角平均21.7°,丢失4.4°,矢状面Cobb's角平均18.7°,丢失2.5°。围手术期并发症包括:伤口愈合不良2例,术中术后椎弓根螺钉切割椎体2例。[结论]后路半椎体切除可直接去除致畸因素,在冠状面及矢状面均获得良好的矫形效果,与前后路手术相比可缩短手术时间,减少创伤,适用于从胸段到腰段的半椎体畸形。